INTEGRATED ALGAL BIOREFINERY AND BIO-CIRCULAR-GREEN ECONOMY TO MEET THE AGENDA OF GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS WITH CO-GENERATION OF BIOENERGY AND GREEN PRODUCTS
Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah, Hamdy Elsayed Ahmed Ali, Eman A. El-fayoumy, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Aran Incharoensakdi, Yurii V. Balnokin, Larissa G. Popova, Vadim S. Volkov
Abstract: Carbon dioxide and methane emissions together with plastic pollution have become major global challenges. These have immensely contributed to the rise in climate disasters and have further exacerbated the wide gaps between the haves and the have-nots. Solutions must involve broad-based and multi-dimensional action plans, so that the agenda of global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be fully realized, beyond the confines of meeting rooms and lecture theatres. For effective climate actions, the development of an Integrated Algal-Oil Palm Biorefinery and Bio-Circular-Green (BCG) Economy frameworks for energy, bio/nanomaterials, biochemicals, environmental, and biomedical applications, are proposed as viable strategies. The prospects of algae for biofuels production, high-value chemicals, and waste valorization are elaborated. The integration of algal energy generation with nano-platforms to improve energy conversion, and for biomedical application including as potential adjuvant for targeted therapy are discussed. The socio-economic development based on HEESBA philosophy, derived from Arabic word "Hisbah" for "Accountability", which involves Bioenergy, Biomaterial, Biochemical and Education, is proposed. These could potentially serve as catalysts to create a new breed of entrepreneurs and communities that place importance on progress with social impact and wisdom intact, whilst reaping the Profit for the People and the Planet.
Keywords: Sustainability, Circular economy, Integrated biorefinery, Algae, Oil palm, Bioenergy, Materials, Waste valorization
DOI: 10.24874/PES08.03A.001
Recieved: 26.03.2026 Revised: 18.06.2026 Accepted: 21.07.2026
UDC:
Reads: 11 
