A SCALABLE AND INTEGRAL, NASH EQUILIBRIUM-ENFORCED BLOCKCHAIN ENABLED END-TO-END ENERGY TRADING FRAMEWORK
Sonal Shirke, Sunil Kumar Gupta, Sushil Kumar Jain
Abstract: Peer-to-Peer energy trading is an effective way of utilizing the distributed energy resources efficiently. However existing energy markets utilize the traditional approaches which lack security, fairness and scalability. This paper focuses on Blockchain based energy trading model which encompasses permissioned participation of traders, cryptographic security and Nash equilibrium based strategy for pricing. This ensures transparent, secure and fair transactions of energy. A permissioned blockchain framework is used where RSA-based cryptographic signature ensures authenticity of participants. This is followed by submission of energy demands and offers which are signed digitally. For maximizing profits of producers and savings of consumers, Nash-based energy pricing is done and fairness for both is enforced by use of smart contracts. The outcomes of these trades are then recorded immutably on the blockchain ledger. Furthermore, experiments have also been performed for evaluation of scalability by finding the latency by considering the changes in network size while still maintaining the security, integrity and fairness. Comparative results show that the proposed system enforced fairness and security as compared to the conventional approaches of smart contract which lack incorporation of game theory. The results confirm that blockchain when combined with Nash equilibrium mechanisms give a robust, fair and scalable solution for energy trading.
Keywords: Energy trading; Scalability; Fairness; Game theory; Nash Equilibrium; Blockchain; Latency; Cryptographic signature
DOI: 10.24874/PES08.03.023
Recieved: 09.06.2026 Revised: 12.08.2026 Accepted: 03.09.2026
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