PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A RECTANGULAR SLOT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA

Aman Kumari Dahiya, Arihant Jain

Abstract: This paper analyzes the design and improvement of a small microstrip patch antenna for use in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The research focuses on enhancing a conventional rectangular antenna by integrating a rectangular slot to enhance its performance. The study compares a base unslotted design with the modified geometry using a FR4 substrate and CST Studio Suite for modeling. The results show that the slot integration greatly increases operational resonance through a double tuning effect. This nearly doubles the impedance bandwidth from 50 MHz to 95 MHz. The modified design also has a better return loss of -21.599 dB. The change increases the directionality of the main lobe by shifting the frequency down to 2.31 GHz and lowering the gain to 5.16 dB. These results show that changes to the shape of the design can overcome conventional narrowband limitations, making it good for small IoT sensors and medical monitoring systems.

Keywords: Microstrip patch antenna, Rectangular slot, Impedance bandwidth, Return loss, IoT sensors

DOI: 10.24874/PES08.02B.016

Recieved: 06.03.2026  Revised: 30.04.2026  Accepted: 29.05.2026  
UDC:

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